Which of the following is NOT an architecture feature of the Pantheon?

Which of the following is NOT an architecture feature of the Pantheon? A) squinches B) coffers C) a portico D) an oculus Answer: ...

This relief belongs to the

This relief belongs to the  A) Arch of Constantine B) Ara Pacis C) Column of Trajan D) Arch of Titus Answer:...

The underside of an arch is called the

The underside of an arch is called the A) spandrel B) attic C) soffit D) podium Answer:...

This plan depicts

This plan depicts A) Old St. Peter's B) St. Sernin at Toulouse C) Chartres Cathedral D) the Hagia Sophia Answer:...

The Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is BEST characterized as all of the following EXCEPT

The Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is BEST characterized as all of the following EXCEPT A) Late Roman B) Early Christian C) Late Antique D) Early...

This area in the Great Mosque at Cordoba, situated in front of the mihrab for people of special importance, is called the

This area in the Great Mosque at Cordoba, situated in front of the mihrab for people of special importance, is called the A) maqsura B) madrasa C)...

The Book of Lindisfarne was created during the

The Book of Lindisfarne was created during the A) 6th century CE B) 8th century CE C) 10th century CE D) 12th century CE Answer:...

This portrait was made with

This portrait was made with A) tesserae B) plaster C) encaustic D) cloisonne Answer:...

Who is depicted as the Pantocrator in Byzantine art?

Who is depicted as the Pantocrator in Byzantine art? A) the Virgin Mary B) Christ as a judge C) a martyred saint D) a religious patriarch Answer:...

This statue functions as a/an

This statue functions as a/an A) tympanum B) triforium C) archivolt D) trumeau Answer:...

Which of the following is NOT an architectural feature of the Hagia Sophia?

Which of the following is NOT an architectural feature of the Hagia Sophia? A) conches B) an ambulatory C) pendentives D) a narthex Answer:...

This object is used to store

This object is used to store A) perfumes and toiletries B) human remains or ashes C) sacred relics of a saint D) salt or exotic spices Answer:...

The centralized-planned design of Santa Costanza in Rome is MOST closely associated with that of a

The centralized-planned design of Santa Costanza in Rome is MOST closely associated with that of a  A) basilica B) mausoleum C) temple D) domus Answer:...

This sculpture is

This sculpture is  A) Greek B) Etruscan C) Roman D) Byzantine Answer:...

Roman temples differ from Greek temples in general because they have

Roman temples differ from Greek temples in general because they have A) only one entrance B) fluted columns C) elaborate gateways D) spaces for large...

This work of art functioned as a

This work of art functioned as a A) fibula B) purse cover C) pyxis D) reliquary Answer:...

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the tripartite nave elevation of Saint-Etienne at Caen?

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the tripartite nave elevation of Saint-Etienne at Caen? A) a nave arcade B) a triforium C) a gallery D)...

Which of the following is NOT true of this carpet?

Which of the following is NOT true of this carpet? A) An inscription describes the image as that of a door or portal. B) It was made for a shrine...

Which of the following is NOT a newly invented Gothic feature of the choir of the abbey of St. Denis?

Which of the following is NOT a newly invented Gothic feature of the choir of the abbey of St. Denis? A) the use of thin columns instead of compound...

This work can be identified as all of the following EXCEPT

This work can be identified as all of the following EXCEPT A) Hiberno-Saxon B) Carolingian C) Animals Style D) Insular Style Answer:...

The Hagia Sophia was built during the

The Hagia Sophia was built during the A) 4th century CE B) 6th century CE C) 8th century CE D) 10th century CE Answer:...

Which of the following is NOT true regarding this structure?

Which of the following is NOT true regarding this structure? A) It exemplifies a hypostyle hall mosque. B) The columns were spoliated from an earlier...

The Arch of Titus commemorates the

The Arch of Titus commemorates the  A) Dacian Wars B) Jewish Wars C) Battle of Milvian Bridge D) Pax Romana Answer:...

Which of the following is NOT true of this work?

Which of the following is NOT true of this work? A) It depicts the Byzantine emperor Justinian carrying a paten. B) It is located in the narthex...

Who is depicted as the Theotokos in Byzantine art?

Who is depicted as the Theotokos in Byzantine art? A) the Virgin Mary B) Christ as the good shepherd C) a martyred saint D) a religious patriarch Answer:...

This mosaic suggesting paradise if from the

This mosaic suggesting paradise if from the A) Great Mosque of Damascus B) monastery of St. Catherine's C) church of Santa Sabina D) Dome of the Rock Answer:...

Which of the following is NOT an architectural feature of the church of San Vitale at Ravenna?

Which of the following is NOT an architectural feature of the church of San Vitale at Ravenna? A) an apse B) an ambulatory C) a transept D) a narthex Answer:...

The emperor depicted here is

The emperor depicted here is A) Augustus B) Trajan C) Hadrian D) Constantine Answer:...

At San Vitale, the emperor Justinian displays his power through all of the following means EXCEPT

At San Vitale, the emperor Justinian displays his power through all of the following means EXCEPT A) his holding a paten for communion B) his placement...

This image is located within a/an

This image is located within a/an A) temple B) palace C) tomb D) basilica Answer:...

In what ways does the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus reflect the late antique style of the Romans?

In what ways does the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus reflect the late antique style of the Romans? A) naturalistic body proportions B) scenes of violent...

This apse mosaic primarily depicts which of the following?

This apse mosaic primarily depicts which of the following? A) the Last Judgment B) the Transfiguration C) the Annunciation D) the Crucifixion Answer:...

Where would one have originally seen a "ciborium" or "baldacchino"?

Where would one have originally seen a "ciborium" or "baldacchino"? A) Old St. Peters in Rome B) San Vitale in Ravenna C) Basilic Ulpia in Trier D)...

The recesses in the dome of this structure are called

The recesses in the dome of this structure are called A) coffers B) oculi C) squinches D) pendentives Answer:...

What do the mummy portraits of Faiyum and the icons at St. Catherine's Monastery have in common?

What do the mummy portraits of Faiyum and the icons at St. Catherine's Monastery have in common? A) They both exhibit continuous narration. B) They...

This mosaic belongs to what period?

This mosaic belongs to what period? A) Hellenistic Greece B) Early Christian C) Late Roman D) Early Byzantine Answer: D ...

Although Santa Costanza became a church during the Middle Ages, originally it was a/an

Although Santa Costanza became a church during the Middle Ages, originally it was a/an A) palace chapel B) pagan temple C) royal mausoleum D) law...

This work is a/an

This work is a/an A) mosaic created with tesserae B) folio painted with tempera on velum C) fresco wall painting with plaster D) wooden icon with...

Which of the following is NOT an architectural feature of the Pantheon?

Which of the following is NOT an architectural feature of the Pantheon? A) coffers B) an oculus C) pendentives D) a portico Answer:...

This sculpture is

This sculpture is A) Minoan B) Greek C) Etruscan D) Roman Answer:...

Which of the following works was created during the 1st century BCE?

Which of the following works was created during the 1st century BCE? A) the Nike of Samothrace B) the Flavian amphitheater C) the Augustus of Primaporta D)...

This relief is from the

This relief is from the  A) Arch of Titus B) Ara Pacis C) Column of Trajan D) Arch of Constantine Answer:...

As evidenced by the porphyry sculpture of the Four Tetrarchs, during the late Roman empire, who divided the empire up into four parts so that it could be ruled more effectively by a tetrarchy?

As evidenced by the porphyry sculpture of the Four Tetrarchs, during the late Roman empire, who divided the empire up into four parts so that it could...

As a grave marker, this vessel is in the shape of a/an

As a grave marker, this vessel is in the shape of a/an A) amphora B) krater C) lekythos D) kylix Answer:...

Santa Sabina is an Early Christian church modeled after a Roman

Santa Sabina is an Early Christian church modeled after a Roman A) basilica B) temple C) domus D) mausoleum Answer:...

This structure commemorated the

This structure commemorated the A) Dacian Wars B) Jewish Wars C) Battle of Milvian Bridge D) Nika Revolt Answer:...

The orant figures depicted in Early Christian catacombs are figures who are

The orant figures depicted in Early Christian catacombs are figures who are A) reciting prayers B) performing sacrifices C) partaking in communion D)...

This gold mask was created by the

This gold mask was created by the A) Minoans B) Mycenaeans C) Etruscans D) Greeks Answer:...

In the Roman Pantheon, light enters the interior by means of

In the Roman Pantheon, light enters the interior by means of A) an oculus B) a clerestory C) coffers D) pendentives Answer:...

This relief depicts the emperor's donatio and is located on the

This relief depicts the emperor's donatio and is located on the A) Arch of Titus B) Ara Pacis C) Column of Trajan D) Arch of Constantine Answer:...

Which of the following is now believed to be NOT true about the Flavian amphitheater?

Which of the following is now believed to be NOT true about the Flavian amphitheater? A) It was built using groin vaulting and arch construction. B)...

This sculpture can BEST be described as

This sculpture can BEST be described as A) Early Christian B) Byzantine C) Hellenistic Greek D) Etruscan Answer:...

At San Vitale, the emperor Justinian displays his power through all of the following means EXCEPT

At San Vitale, the emperor Justinian displays his power through all of the following means EXCEPT A) his holding a paten for communion B) his position...

In order to identify a specific restriction fragment using a probe, what must be done?

In order to identify a specific restriction fragment using a probe, what must be done?  A) The fragments must be separated by electrophoresis. B)...

Why might a laboratory be using dideoxy nucleotides?

Why might a laboratory be using dideoxy nucleotides?  A) to separate DNA fragments B) to clone the breakpoints of cut DNA C) to produce cDNA...

The reason for using Taq polymerase for PCR is that

The reason for using Taq polymerase for PCR is that  A) it is heat stable and can withstand the temperature changes of the cycler. B) only...

Why are BACs preferred today rather than bacteriophages for making genomic libraries?

Why are BACs preferred today rather than bacteriophages for making genomic libraries? A) The BAC carries more DNA. B) The BAC can carry entire...

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is found as well in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is found as well in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from...

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?  A) DNA fragments are too small to use individually. B) A gene...

Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?  A) restriction enzymes B) gene cloning C) DNA ligase D) gel electrophoresis E)...

The major advantage of using artificial chromosomes such as YACs and BACs for cloning genes is that

The major advantage of using artificial chromosomes such as YACs and BACs for cloning genes is that A) plasmids are unable to replicate in cells. B)...

To introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell, such as that of a mouse, you would find more probable success with which of the following methods?

To introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell, such as that of a mouse, you would find more probable success with which of the following...

Sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, is most important because

Sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, is most important because A) it allows researchers to use the sequence to...

A student wishes to clone a sequence of DNA of ~200 kb. Which vector would be appropriate?

A student wishes to clone a sequence of DNA of ~200 kb. Which vector would be appropriate?  A) a plasmid B) a typical bacteriophage C) a BAC D)...

A researcher needs to clone a sequence of part of a eukaryotic genome in order to express the sequence and to modify the polypeptide product. She would be able to satisfy these requirements by using which of the following vectors?

A researcher needs to clone a sequence of part of a eukaryotic genome in order to express the sequence and to modify the polypeptide product. She would...

Which of the following best describes the complete sequence of steps occurring during every cycle of PCR? 1. The primers hybridize to the target DNA. 2. The mixture is heated to a high temperature to denature the double-stranded target DNA. 3. Fresh DNA polymerase is added. 4. DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA.

Which of the following best describes the complete sequence of steps occurring during every cycle of PCR?1. The primers hybridize to the target DNA.2....

Yeast artificial chromosomes contain which of the following elements?

Yeast artificial chromosomes contain which of the following elements?  A) centromeres only B) telomeres only C) origin of replication only D)...

The DNA fragments making up a genomic library are generally contained in

The DNA fragments making up a genomic library are generally contained in  A) BACs. B) recombinant viral RNA. C) individual wells. D) DNA-RNA...

Why are yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning?

Why are yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning?  A) They easily form colonies. B) They can remove exons from mRNA. C) They do not...

A gene that contains introns can be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering purposes by using

A gene that contains introns can be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering purposes by using  A) RNA polymerase to transcribe...

A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a BAC, and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria, is that

A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a BAC, and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria, is that  A)...

What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium? I. Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule. II. Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes. III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells. IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments. V. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA.

What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium?I. Transform bacteria...

How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes?

How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes?  A) by adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines B) by using DNA...

Assume that you are trying to insert a gene into a plasmid. Someone gives you a preparation of genomic DNA that has been cut with restriction enzyme X. The gene you wish to insert has sites on both ends for cutting by restriction enzyme Y. You have a plasmid with a single site for Y, but not for X. Your strategy should be to

Assume that you are trying to insert a gene into a plasmid. Someone gives you a preparation of genomic DNA that has been cut with restriction enzyme...

RNA viruses require their own supply of certain enzymes because

RNA viruses require their own supply of certain enzymes because  A) host cells rapidly destroy the viruses. B) host cells lack enzymes that...

A bacterium is infected with an experimentally constructed bacteriophage composed of the T2 phage protein coat and T4 phage DNA. The new phages produced would have

A bacterium is infected with an experimentally constructed bacteriophage composed of the T2 phage protein coat and T4 phage DNA. The new phages produced...

To cause a human pandemic, the H5N1 avian flu virus would have to

To cause a human pandemic, the H5N1 avian flu virus would have to  A) spread to primates such as chimpanzees. B) develop into a virus with...

Emerging viruses arise by

Emerging viruses arise by  A) mutation of existing viruses. B) the spread of existing viruses to new host species. C) the spread of existing...

Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria and viruses?

Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria and viruses?  A) metabolism B) ribosomes C) genetic...

The herpes viruses are very important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in all vertebrate species and in some invertebrates such as oysters. Some of the human ones are herpes simplex (HSV) I and II, causing facial and genital lesions, and the varicella-zoster (VSV), causing chicken pox and shingles. Each of these three actively infect nervous tissue. Primary infections are fairly mild, but the virus is not then cleared from the host; rather, viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase. The virus can then reactivate, replicate again, and be infectious to others.

The herpes viruses are very important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in all vertebrate species and in some invertebrates such as oysters....

You isolate an infectious substance that is capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus, viroid, or prion. You have four methods at your disposal that you can use to analyze the substance in order to determine the nature of the infectious agent. I. treating the substance with nucleases that destroy all nucleic acids and then determining whether it is still infectious II. filtering the substance to remove all elements smaller than what can be easily seen under a light microscope III. culturing the substance by itself on nutritive medium, away from any plant cells IV. treating the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determining whether it is still infectious

You isolate an infectious substance that is capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus,...

Poliovirus is a positive-sense RNA virus of the picornavirus group. At its 5' end, the RNA genome has a viral protein (VPg) instead of a 5' cap. This is followed by a nontranslated leader sequence, and then a single long protein coding region (~7,000 nucleotides), followed by a poly-A tail. Observations were made that used radioactive amino acid analogues. Short period use of the radioactive amino acids result in labeling of only very long proteins, while longer periods of labeling result in several different short polypeptides.

Poliovirus is a positive-sense RNA virus of the picornavirus group. At its 5' end, the RNA genome has a viral protein (VPg) instead of a 5' cap. This...

Some viruses can be crystallized and their structures analyzed. One such virus is Desmodium, or yellow mottle virus, which infects beans. This is a member of the tymovirus group and has a single-stranded RNA genome of ~6,300 nucleotides. Its virion is 25—30 nm in diameter, and is made up of 180 copies of a single capsid protein that self-associate to form each capsomere, which has icosahedral symmetry with 20 facets.

Some viruses can be crystallized and their structures analyzed. One such virus is Desmodium, or yellow mottle virus, which infects beans. This is a...

Which of the following is the most probable fate of a newly emerging virus that causes high mortality in its host?

Which of the following is the most probable fate of a newly emerging virus that causes high mortality in its host?  A) It is able to spread...

Which of the following series best reflects what we know about how the flu virus moves between species?

Which of the following series best reflects what we know about how the flu virus moves between species?  A) An avian flu virus undergoes several...

Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties?

Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties?  A) ability to remove all viruses from...

Which of the following is the best predictor of how much damage a virus causes?

Which of the following is the best predictor of how much damage a virus causes? A) ability of the infected cell to undergo normal cell division B)...

What are prions?

What are prions?  A) mobile segments of DNA B) tiny molecules of RNA that infect plants C) viral DNA that has had to attach itself to the host...

The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses is that

The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses is that  A) vertical transmission is transmission of a virus from...

Which of the following represents a difference between viruses and viroids?

Which of the following represents a difference between viruses and viroids?  A) Viruses infect many types of cells, whereas viroids infect...

Which of the following describes plant virus infections?

Which of the following describes plant virus infections?  A) They can be controlled by the use of antibiotics. B) They are spread via the...

Which of the following can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans?

Which of the following can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans?  A) taking vitamins B) getting vaccinated C) taking...

What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?  A) It hydrolyzes the host cell's DNA. B) It uses viral RNA as a template for...

Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?

Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?  A) lytic phages B) proviruses C) viroids D) bacteriophages E)...

A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The cell contents are left in a covered test tube overnight. The next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco plants. Which of the following would be expected to occur?

A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The cell contents are left in a covered...

Most molecular biologists think that viruses originated from fragments of cellular nucleic acid. Which of the following observations supports this theory?

Most molecular biologists think that viruses originated from fragments of cellular nucleic acid. Which of the following observations supports this theory?  A)...

Why do RNA viruses appear to have higher rates of mutation?

Why do RNA viruses appear to have higher rates of mutation?  A) RNA nucleotides are more unstable than DNA nucleotides. B) Replication of...

Which of the following statements describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda (?) phage?

Which of the following statements describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda (?) phage? A) After infection, the viral genes immediately turn the host...

Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle?

Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle?  A) Many bacterial cells containing viral DNA are produced. B) Viral DNA is incorporated...

In many ways, the regulation of the genes of a particular group of viruses will be similar to the regulation of the host genes. Therefore, which of the following would you expect of the genes of the bacteriophage?

In many ways, the regulation of the genes of a particular group of viruses will be similar to the regulation of the host genes. Therefore, which of...

Which of the following accounts for someone who has had a herpesvirus-mediated cold sore or genital sore getting flare-ups for the rest of his or her life?

Which of the following accounts for someone who has had a herpesvirus-mediated cold sore or genital sore getting flare-ups for the rest of his or her...

Most human-infecting viruses are maintained in the human population only. However, a zoonosis is a disease that is transmitted from other vertebrates to humans, at least sporadically, without requiring viral mutation. Which of the following is the best example of a zoonosis?

Most human-infecting viruses are maintained in the human population only. However, a zoonosis is a disease that is transmitted from other vertebrates...

The host range of a virus is determined by

The host range of a virus is determined by  A) the enzymes carried by the virus. B) whether its nucleic acid is DNA or RNA. C) the proteins...

Viral envelopes can best be analyzed with which of the following techniques?

Viral envelopes can best be analyzed with which of the following techniques?  A) transmission electron microscopy B) antibodies against specific...