Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?
A) DNA fragments are too small to use individually.
B) A gene may represent only a millionth of the cell's DNA.
C) Restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments that are too small.
D) A clone requires multiple copies of each gene per clone.
E) It is important to have multiple copies of DNA in the case of laboratory error.
Answer: B
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Biology
- In order to identify a specific restriction fragment using a probe, what must be done?
- Why might a laboratory be using dideoxy nucleotides?
- The reason for using Taq polymerase for PCR is that
- Why are BACs preferred today rather than bacteriophages for making genomic libraries?
- Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is found as well in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?
- Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?
- The major advantage of using artificial chromosomes such as YACs and BACs for cloning genes is that
- To introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell, such as that of a mouse, you would find more probable success with which of the following methods?
- Sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, is most important because
- A student wishes to clone a sequence of DNA of ~200 kb. Which vector would be appropriate?
- A researcher needs to clone a sequence of part of a eukaryotic genome in order to express the sequence and to modify the polypeptide product. She would be able to satisfy these requirements by using which of the following vectors?
- Which of the following best describes the complete sequence of steps occurring during every cycle of PCR? 1. The primers hybridize to the target DNA. 2. The mixture is heated to a high temperature to denature the double-stranded target DNA. 3. Fresh DNA polymerase is added. 4. DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA.
- Yeast artificial chromosomes contain which of the following elements?
- The DNA fragments making up a genomic library are generally contained in
- Why are yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning?
- A gene that contains introns can be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering purposes by using
- A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a BAC, and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria, is that
- What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium? I. Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule. II. Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes. III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells. IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments. V. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA.
- How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes?
- Assume that you are trying to insert a gene into a plasmid. Someone gives you a preparation of genomic DNA that has been cut with restriction enzyme X. The gene you wish to insert has sites on both ends for cutting by restriction enzyme Y. You have a plasmid with a single site for Y, but not for X. Your strategy should be to
- RNA viruses require their own supply of certain enzymes because
- A bacterium is infected with an experimentally constructed bacteriophage composed of the T2 phage protein coat and T4 phage DNA. The new phages produced would have
- To cause a human pandemic, the H5N1 avian flu virus would have to
- Emerging viruses arise by
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